Programming in Python OPPE 1: May 2024, Set 3 (May 2024 term)

Implement the function according to the docstring.

Square the given integer and clip the result to threshold (clipping means if the value x goes greater than the threshold, keep it at threshold).

Arguments:

• x: int - the input number
• threshold: int - the threshold value

Return:

• int - squared and clipped result

Your task

Implement this function:

def square_and_clip(x: int, threshold: int) -> int:

Write the function only — the arguments are read for you and the return value is printed automatically.

Arguments arrive as one Python literal per line, in this order: x, threshold.

Example

Input

3
5

Output

5

Implement the function according to the docstring.

Given an even-length string of any case, create a string with the first half in lowercase and the second half in uppercase.

Arguments:

• s: str - the input string

Return:

• str - the modified string

Your task

Implement this function:

def lowercase_first_half_and_uppercase_second_half(s: str) -> str:

Write the function only — the arguments are read for you and the return value is printed automatically.

Arguments arrive as one Python literal per line, in this order: s.

Example

Input

'HelloWorld'

Output

'helloWORLD'

Implement the function according to the docstring.

Given an odd-length list, insert the middle element to both ends of the list.

Modify the input list and do not return a new list.

Arguments:

• l: list - the input list

Return:

• None - the input list is modified inside the function.

Your task

Implement this function:

def add_the_middle_element_to_both_ends(l: list) -> None:

Write the function only — the arguments are read for you and the return value is printed automatically.

Arguments arrive as one Python literal per line, in this order: l.

Example

Input

[1, 2, 3]

Output

[2, 1, 2, 3, 2]